Chapter 4

Day

Topics

Learning Objectives Students will be able to…

Suggested assignment

1

4.1 Introduction, The Idea of a Sample Survey, How to Sample Badly, How to Sample Well: Simple Random Sampling

• Identify the population and sample in a statistical study.

• Identify voluntary response samples and convenience samples.  Explain how these sampling methods can lead to bias.

• Describe how to obtain a random sample using slips of paper, technology, or a table of random digits.

1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

2

4.1 Other Random Sampling Methods

• Distinguish a simple random sample from a stratified random sample or cluster sample. Give the advantages and disadvantages of each sampling method.

13, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25

3

4.1 Inference for Sampling, Sample Surveys: What Can Go Wrong?

• Explain how undercoverage, nonresponse, question wording, and other aspects of a sample survey can lead to bias.

27, 29, 31, 33, 35

4

4.2 Observational Study versus Experiment, The Language of Experiments

• Distinguish between an observational study and an experiment.

• Explain the concept of confounding and how it limits the ability to make cause-and-effect conclusions.

37–42, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55

5

4.2 How to Experiment Badly, How to Experiment Well, Completely Randomized Designs

• Identify the experimental units, explanatory and response variables, and treatments.

• Explain the purpose of comparison, random assignment, control, and replication in an experiment.

• Describe a completely randomized design for an experiment, including how to randomly assign treatments using slips of paper, technology, or a table of random digits.

57, 59, 61, 63, 65

6

4.2 Experiments: What Can Go Wrong? Inference for Experiments

• Describe the placebo effect and the purpose of blinding in an experiment.

• Interpret the meaning of statistically significant in the context of an experiment.

67, 69, 71, 73

7

4.2 Blocking

• Explain the purpose of blocking in an experiment.

• Describe a randomized block design or a matched pairs design for an experiment.

75, 77, 79, 81, 85

8

4.3 Scope of Inference, The Challenges of Establishing Causation

• Describe the scope of inference that is appropriate in a statistical study.

83, 87–94, 97–104

9

4.3 Data Ethics (optional topic)

• Evaluate whether a statistical study has been carried out in an ethical manner.

Chapter 4 Review Exercises

10

Chapter 4 Review/FRAPPY!

Chapter 4 AP® Practice Exam

11

Chapter 4 Test

Cumulative AP Practice Test 1